BSc Botany, CBCSS
BSc Botany under CBCSS (Choice Based Credit and Semester System) in Kerala is a three‑year (six‑semester) undergraduate programme where students earn credits through a mix of common courses, core Botany courses, complementary subjects (usually Zoology and Chemistry), open courses and, in some models, vocational or elective courses. The structure typically includes compulsory English and an additional language in the first four semesters, with Botany core papers spread from semester I to VI covering methodology and basic botany, microbiology and plant pathology, phycology and bryology, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and paleobotany, plant anatomy and reproductive botany, followed by higher‑level courses in gymnosperms and evolution, angiosperm morphology and systematics, embryology, economic and ethnobotany, horticulture, genetics, plant breeding, cell biology, biochemistry, ecology, environmental science, plant physiology and metabolism, and introductory biotechnology, bioinformatics and molecular biology.
Each core theory course has an associated practical with separate credits and evaluation, and the programme also includes one open course in semester V (chosen from options like General Botany or Applied Botany) and a project work/dissertation in the final semester, sometimes linked to a small viva‑voce component. Total credits usually fall around 120, distributed among common (language) courses, 12–13 core theory papers with their practicals, 6–8 complementary theory papers plus practicals, one open course, and a project, with internal assessment (assignments, tests, seminars, practical records) and end‑semester examinations forming the basis of evaluation. The stated programme outcomes across universities include building a strong foundation in plant science from lower to higher groups, developing laboratory and field skills, introducing students to modern areas like biotechnology and bioinformatics, nurturing environmental awareness and conservation ethics, and preparing graduates for higher studies (MSc, integrated programmes) and plant‑related jobs in teaching, research, agriculture, horticulture, environmental management and related sectors.